Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Ceramic Matrix Composites And The Scientific And Technical...

Abstract Ceramic material usually exhibit some very useful properties that including high strength and hardness under a very high temperature, low density, chemical inertness and so on. These characteristic properties are the results of their hybrid of covalent and ionic bonding but its application is limited by their extremely susceptible to thermal shock and brittle behavior. To improve their strength, ceramic matrix composites was introduced to strengthen the ceramics, incorporated with fibers in them and therefore exhibit the significant high temperature strength and environment resistance of ceramic material without risking a catastrophic failure. This paper will briefly discuss about ceramic matrix composites, their applications and the scientific and technical principles underlying their development and properties. Introduction and basic information of ceramic matrix composites There is a large number of compounds belongs to borderline ceramics, known as carbides, silicide, borides and nitrides of the transition metals (Warren, 1991). They often exhibit metallic properties such as being conductive and with poor chemical resistance. They are nevertheless of interest as constituents in ceramic composites. Some of the currently developed composites and their significant properties are listed below. Table 1 Physical properties of common compound materials Ceramic matrix composites refers to materials that consists two or moreShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesthe publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content thatRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading the unit, you will understand how: †¢ †¢ †¢ To learn the evolution of marketing as a discipline To understand the reasons why marketing is considered important in this era To assess the various marketing approaches and principles 3. MARKETING MANAGEMENT: Marketing has evolved into a very important functional area in management basically due to the increasing supply and lower demand over the years. This is primarily through the competitive intensity in every sphere ofRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesCommission Acknowledgements vii Executive Summary Why Entrepreneurship: Given the increasing signiï ¬ cance and visible impact of Entrepreneurship in wealth-creation and employment-generation, NKC considers it critical to India’s growth and development. It has undertaken this study to explore factors that have advanced Entrepreneurship in India as also various other factors that could further encourage and facilitate even greater growth. Deï ¬ nition: For the purposes of this study and keeping inRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesDonnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The paper in this book was manufactured by a mill whose forest management programs include sustained yield harvesting of its timberlands. Sustained yield harvesting principles ensure that the number of trees cut each year does not exceed the amount of new growth. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, storedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages mymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesTrimble), Game Changer (A. G. Laï ¬â€šey and Ram Charan), and The Entrepreneurial Mindset (Rita McGrath and Ian MacMillan), examine how organizations, and organizational leaders, encourage and support innovation. Others look more speciï ¬ cally at product development and innovation processes within and across firms, such as How Breakthroughs Happen (Andrew Hargadon) and The Sources of Innovation (Eric von Hippel). Other books on innovation look at the roles individuals play in the innovation process within

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Policy Making Of The Federal System - 897 Words

Policy-making in the Federal System The federal system of government in the United States of America has a three-tier system where the policy-making function cuts across the federal, state and local government. The responsibility of government is divided across the three tiers in different proportions depending on the need being served (Gerston, 2007). Public policy in matters like health care is very sensitive when laws or amendments are passed. The laws at the national level might not reflect the needs of the vast states found in America. Different states have unique needs, which at times raises crosscurrents that derail the implementation of passed laws. This essay will look at the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; colloquially termed as ObamaCare and how it has raised crosscurrents. The ObamaCare health policy of the United States was drafted in the year 2010 with the objective of making access to health care and health service affordable to all Americans. The health policy had a lot of benefits attached to it, which would have revolutionized the way the health care system in the United States operated (ObamaCareFacts, 2015). The policy recommends a subsidy given to every American on health insurance. This will mean inclusivity of even citizens who before were not eligible for health insurance enrollment. An additional benefit will be the fact that one cannot be denied the right to have health insurance coverage even if such persons have a pre-existingShow MoreRelatedPolicy Making and the Federal System Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesShort Essay: Policy-Making in the Federal System Obama’s Care â€Å"Medicaid – not Medicare Frances Johnson POL: 201 American National Government Instructor, Carol Parker July 12th, 2012 During the 2008 federal campaign, Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama placed comprehensive health care reform at the centre of his platform. In the light of the growing problems facing the US health care system, the time seemed ripe for another attempt to controlRead MoreThe Federal Reserve : The Central Bank Of The United States1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Federal Reserve Introduction The Federal Reserve, also known as the Fed is the central bank of the United States. The system was created on December 1913 during the reign of President Woodrow Wilson. It was during this time that President Woodrow signed the Federal Reserve Act, incorporating it into the law. The Congress was behind the creation of the Federal Reserve with the ultimate goal of making it safer and more reliable to keep the money. The Congress was also compelled to establishingRead MoreFederal Bureaucracy and Tasks Specialization1724 Words   |  7 Pagespublic policies ensure opportunities for public participation in the rule-making process by nominating federal appointees the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) the Tennessee Valley Authority the General Accountability Office (GAO) providing services not fully trusted to the private sector hierarchy/chain of command to regulate commerce regulation during World War II to regulate business practices and various aspects of the national economy. to prohibit federal employeesRead MoreFederal vs. State Policy1078 Words   |  5 PagesFedral vs. State Policy A public policy is the body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems in each state. In this paper I am going to talk about federal along with state policies. I will discuss each of the policies and how they are similar and how they are different. Federal and State policies are made to help keep our Country running smoothly. If there were no policies then keeping our Country safe would be a hard task. Policies are principles that are set to help make ourRead MoreHealth Care Policy Is An Anomaly Among Industrialized Nations Essay1580 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach to health care policy is an anomaly among industrialized nations. Disagreement about what the federal government’s role in health care ought to be, combined with the structure of lawmaking institutions, have yielded generations of improvised policies and programs that intend to mollify individual issues created by the health care system rather than comprehensively addressing its flaws. Following World War II, while most industrialized nations were creating national systems for health care inRead MoreThe Federal Reserve House The Board Of Governors913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal System The Federal Reserve house the Board of Governors, The Federal Reserve Banks, The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), and Advisory Committees. The Federal Reserve Bank is directed by the Board of Governors or Federal Reserve Board, which is located in Washington D.C. The Board of governors is the national aspect of the Federal Reserve System and consists of nine board of directors which are appointed by the President serve a fourteen year term. The Chairman and Vice ChairmanRead MoreThe World Bank And International Monitory Fund1287 Words   |  6 PagesFree Market Economic System As indicated above, the Derg Military Regime was overthrown by a coalition of a number of liberation fronts that constitute the present ruling party namely the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).One of the major reforms introduced after the overthrow of the former Military Regime was to introduce a free market economic system as a substitute to the previous command economic system of the socialist era. The new economic system required liberalizationRead MoreThe Federal Reserve Transparency Act1492 Words   |  6 PagesWhen discussing various issues affecting the federal government, transparency issues have to be put on the front line because the Federal Reserve’s should have one of the most transparent systems. The Federal Reserve transparency act was formulated in order to ensure that there is transparency in the federal reserves through making the federal government publicize most of the financial institutions that it offers loans to and the or ganizations which use the open market operations in order to purchaseRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Federalism, Unitary And Confederal Systems1310 Words   |  6 Pagesunitary and confederal systems. Explain to me whether you believe that we should keep our federal system or whether we should abandon it in favor of a different one. Before discussing the pros and cons of different governmental systems, let’s know about the federal, unitary, and confederal systems? There are three systems of government exist today: federal, unitary, and confederal. Federal system is a medium centralized, Unitary system is highly centralized, and confederal system has a low-level centralizationRead MorePolicy Failures Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesPolicy failures Immediate reaction to the Great Recession could have assumed that it was an intelligence failure perpetrated by the failure to understand and anticipate the risk in the economy. Or perhaps there was too much noise to be able to pick out clear indicators of the pending economic turmoil. However, to do so dismisses the culture of deregulation that existed throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. It also dismisses the political nature of financial policy making. Thus, at its core, the

Monday, December 9, 2019

Weight Stigma on Adolescent

Question: Discuss about the Weight Stigma on Adolescent. Answer: Introduction Adolescence is one of the crucial stages in the developmental process of any individual. At this stage, several influences exist in the developmental process of this particular phase. For example, body shape of an individual, weight status, appearance all plays a vital role in the developmental process. Weight status becomes an important concern. Weight stigma comes into the consideration mainly with the adolescents. They are obsessed with their body stature, body size. They are quiet susceptible towards the negative attitudes in the different approaches and the domains of life such as, educational industry, professional field, mass media or any interpersonal relationships. Obesity has become a major cause and a challenge all throughout the world. The reports on the obesity have increased predominantly. Several researches were conducted on examine the impacts of the weight stigmatization. Laziness, lack of intelligence, sloppiness were concluded as per to the studies that were performed against obese class of people. A multidimensional framework was formed against the circumferential on the involving the ways of perceiving, thinking, feeling or acting towards our bodies starting from healthy perspective to the unhealthy one. Obese people always suffered the discrimination in a wide spread dimensions in our society. The areas include education, employment services, relationships, and other extended family issues. Obese people also suffers health issues like Type II diabetes, cardiac disorders, high blood pressures, cholesterol and they had to suffer a deal of contemptuousness and discrimination. The research questions are derived mainly from the research documents based on weight stigma and obesity among the adolescence. The literature review is based on the weight stigma that is present among one of the crucial age, the adolescence. The adolescents are always conscious on their weight and try to keep distance from the obese people among their age. Aim and Objectives: To study the current perspectives of weight status and perceptions of Body Image To study the critical period of Adolescence for the development of the body image To study the adolescence status of weight and image of the body-relationship To study the BMI Research Questions: What can be the current perspectives of weight status and perceptions of Body Image? What is the critical period of Adolescence for the development of the body image? State the adolescence status of weight and image of the body-relationship. What is BMI? Research Gap Several researches already conducted, based on the weight stigma among the adolescents. This literature review is based on the previous researches that focused on the adolescents and their concern on weight. The researches were based only on the food habits of the adolescents, but over-weight is not only the cause of over eating but also other factors can affect the weight of an individual on which he/she can be the sufferer against the weight stigma. Overweight can be due to the hormonal issues, genetic factors as well. This research did not focus on the other factors that contribute on the weight gain of an adolescent. Therefore, the factors other than over-eating acts as a research gap of the given literature review. Literature Review Current Perspectives of Weight Status and Perceptions of Body Image The past 35 years had laid emphasis on the body image. The area where the interests are growing is based on the public health that concerns on the weight status, obesity and disorders in eating. It reflects the spectrum on the health consequences. Body image laid the construction of the multidimensional including perceiving, feeling, thinking and acting towards the bodies. The evidence shows that the body image is unhealthy when it is associated with the physical inactivity and obesity. It plays a significant role for the development related to eating disorder when human being reaches adolescence. The development significance for a healthy body image depends on the magnitude of the of transitions relating to age and the type of adolescence (Alberg et al. 2016). The Critical Period of Adolescence for the Development of the Body Image The cultural, social, psychological and the physical changes have the variety of characteristics regarding the adolescence period. The body images get a new shape from the age of twelve to eighteen years. The culture regarding the appearances often targets the teenager. This also laid to the negative impact on the image of the body. According to a review done on the Meta analysis shows that the dissatisfaction of the body often takes place in girls whose age is around nineteen (Bhurosy, Jeewon 2014). The dissatisfaction leads to thin images. The ideals and the beliefs are been re-incorporated by other adolescent that includes friends, peers and families. The research showed that considering the case of the families the teasing regarding the issue of weight base is from parents whereas the sibling is involved with the dissatisfaction of the bodies within the girls and the boys goes for muscularity from the grade of eighth or ninth. It is observed that the parents encouraged in control ling the weight (Douglas, Varnado-Sullivan 2016). The controlling of weight was linked with the heightened weight alarms within the boys and the girls of the school. The pessimistic view regarding the diet within the members of the family serving as the model for the image of the body lead to the concerns of eating disorder especially within the girls who are about to gain the adolescence. Peers have pointed out the most effective source related to weight and based on appearance. Researches have pointed out the influence the friends and the peers have on an individual when he or she is reaching the adolescence. The individual might face the criticism, teasing based on appearance and comparisons made on appearances. Adolescence Status of Weight and Image of the Body-Relationship Over the past thirty years, percentage of obese adolescence became quadrupled. The estimation done recently shows that approximately 17% that is around 12.7 million of people around the age of two to nineteen years are obese. This report is for a country like United States. The percentage found in the Hispanic youth is around 22.4% and among the non-Hispanic youth it is around 20.2%. Among the section of childhood as well as the adolescence, it is 8.4% for two to five years old, 17.7% for six to eleven years old and 20.5% for twelve to nineteen years old. The status of youths is firmly dependent on the body image. The greater index of body mass is seen for the adolescent boys and girls. The studies show that the influence on the body image is on a long term basis. The greater the BMI at the time of Adolescence the greater is the dissatisfaction of the body caused. The literature review is done taking the weight status and the body weight to be constant but the varied factors are Inte rnalization that defines the degree of adaptation of an individual. There are certain exceptions that could be found that supports the internalization to be the significant construct for explaining the existing relationship between the weight status and the body image. The relative contributors like various factors of biological, social variables and psychological for doing the body image among the six hundred twenty nine boys and six hundred fifty nine girls who are in grade six to eight. The accounting related to BMI and development of pubertal shows that the girls having higher BMI they are having a greater pressure for attaining low weight, poor perceptions, low physical ability and higher esteem with higher body satisfaction. The boys, there is a perceived pressure for gaining muscularity and poor self concept of physical ability. Though Internalization inter-related with the BMI and satisfaction of the body but it could not come out to be the special indicator that could satisfy the boys and the girls. According to the study of the researcher M itchell considering around six hundred eighty five girls who are in grade six to eight has a variety approach towards the examination of BMI. The examination is the mediator of association in between centralization and dissatisfaction of the body. BMI is related with both the variables but could not mediate the relationship (Vartanian and Porter 2016). The multiple factors like complex, dynamic, psychological influences and multifaceted are to be considered for not mediating the relationship. Adolescence and variables considering pressures and concerns like social comparison, bullying and weight related social talk overplays the effect of internalization. It also overplays the relationship between the status of weight and image of the body (Douglas 2015). Body metabolism Index Weight and appearance related facts and pressures intervene links between body weight/BMI along with body image. Weight and pressure related facts can be noticed when individuals over thinks about their weight and physique e.g. considering that there body has gained extra fat and not muscular. Also they tend to think that others are also considering them in the same way thus they start feeling unacceptable. According to the researcher, the research shows that considering 128 boys reading in 8 to 11 grades. The observation shows that BMI was too much negative as the students lack muscularity (Eisenberg et al. 2015). The lack of muscularity as well as the thinness is a concern for the dissatisfaction of the body. Therefore, the effect related for not being muscular and having too much overweight is consistent and seen in the bodies of the male (Tomiyama 2014). This accounts for the resultant in variance in between the mass of the body and dissatisfaction of the body. The researchers al so suggested that the weight pressure is an important indicator of the satisfaction related to the body and the satisfaction results including the report of BMI (Hunger et al.2015). They also founded that pressure that is perceived to gain the muscularity is the indication of the male and for the female it was to lose significant amount of weight. The studies and the research show the collaboration between the internalization and the pressure. The study of Petrie failed to infer that the internalization is an indicator of satisfaction of the body. When the results of the research are integrated together it showed that pressure due to perceive is way to more than the internalization influence(Pearl et al. 2016). The associated factors that are related between the complex relationship of status of weight and image of body incorporate the influence due to social challenges like bullying done due to issues related to weight, fat talk and social comparison (Major et al. 2014). Social com parison is done by comparing the physique of one body of an individual with another individual who has attained adolescence or attaining the adolescence. Another research shows the influence regarding the social comparison on dissatisfaction of body is negative due to age and is caused mostly during the adolescence period. The study by Petrie shows that there is a variance in satisfaction of body for the girls and are found engaged in social comparison. Researcher researched with 488 girls and founded that the mean age of girls is 12.35 years and 86% of the girls are concerned with the image of the body and is accounted by a model. This included the BMI, comparison socially, peers teasing and internalization. The social comparison as well as the internalization arbitrated the influence of social effects but BMI have a serious effect on the image of the body (Pearl, Puhl and Dovidio 2015). Conclusion Approx 97% of the recorded report says some of them always experiences weight stigma in throughout their life and approximately 48% people faced weight stigma at least once in their lifetime. It represents the qualitative reports on weight stigma for the frequent exercisers. They are the persons who continuously dehumanize, stigmatize and discriminates the obese people always. It also suggests that obesity can only be controlled with the eating habits along with the physical inactivity. The topic of weight management and stigmatization became an important topic in the society. Obesity focuses on the vast area related to the heart disease, hypertensive factors and few cases of cancer as well. Obesity currently became an epidemic. Obesity always goes parallel with the terms of laziness, self-discipline and unhealthy lifestyle and food habits. The present atmosphere of the society on the perspective of the weight management needs to change. The fat always focuses on the antagonistic references like emotional, physical, social and political effects as well. References List: Alberga, A.S., Russell?Mayhew, S., von Ranson, K.M., McLaren, L., Ramos Salas, X. and Sharma, A.M., 2016. Future research in weight bias: What next?. Obesity, 24(6), pp.1207-1209. Bhurosy, T. and Jeewon, R., 2014. Overweight and obesity epidemic in developing countries: a problem with diet, physical activity, or socioeconomic status?. The Scientific World Journal, 2014. Douglas, V. and Varnado-Sullivan, P., 2016. Weight stigmatization, internalization, and eating disorder symptoms: The role of emotion dysregulation. Stigma and Health, 1(3), p.166. Douglas, V.J., 2015. Weight stigmatization, weight bias internalization, eating disorder symptoms: The role of emotion dysregulation. SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA UNIVERSITY. Eisenberg, M.E., Carlson?McGuire, A., Gollust, S.E. and Neumark?Sztainer, D., 2015. A content analysis of weight stigmatization in popular television programming for adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(6), pp.759-766. Hunger, J.M., Major, B., Blodorn, A. and Miller, C.T., 2015. Weighed Down by Stigma: How Weight?Based Social Identity Threat Contributes to Weight Gain and Poor Health. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(6), pp.255-268. Major, B., Hunger, J.M., Bunyan, D.P. and Miller, C.T., 2014. The ironic effects of weight stigma. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 51, pp.74-80. Pearl, R.L., Hopkins, C.H., Berkowitz, R.I. and Wadden, T.A., 2016. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment for internalized weight stigma: a pilot study.Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, pp.1-6. Pearl, R.L., Puhl, R.M. and Dovidio, J.F., 2015. Differential effects of weight bias experiences and internalization on exercise among women with overweight and obesity. Journal of health psychology, 20(12), pp.1626-1632. Ratcliffe, D. and Ellison, N., 2015. Obesity and internalized weight stigma: A formulation model for an emerging psychological problem. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 43(02), pp.239-252. Tomiyama, A.J., 2014. Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight-Based Stigma model. Appetite, 82, pp.8-15. Vartanian, L.R. and Porter, A.M., 2016. Weight stigma and eating behavior: a review of the literature.Appetite,102, pp.3-14.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Internalization of Vechtel Company

Introduction Internationalization is vital in business management and operations especially when a company intends to localize production tools such as labor, distribution, language, ethics, and culture. Often, in the contemporary business environment, managers face challenges in line of duty especially when servival of a company is directly affected by unfavorable market swings.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Internalization of Vechtel Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In response, several strategies are put in place such as internalization, merger, and other analytical skills to understand the situation and work on modalities that aim at reversing the same. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly analyse the aspects of internalization, stereotyping, cultural classification, acculturation of a company, and how culture affects behaviour and responsiveness in the market for products. Bes ides, the paper is specific on management modalities adopted by two protagonists; Jean-Pierre Courbet and Jaap Harlem, in application of managements skills in different environments in the company. Internalization phases Apprenticeship Foresight is very crucial since it gives a company rough perspective and overview of the future concerning the expected and unexpected changes and challenges (Sinclair, 2010). Therefore, Vechtel had to carefully examine and evaluate their past and endeavor to adopt relevant skills that will be relevant for future challenges and responsibilities. In the quest for internalization, Vechtel Company opted for use of local labor as a strategy to include in the management team members of the French company through training of young and talented managers who are skillful. Besides, the company embraced the need for creation of an integrated structure to absorb company goals and those that favor business in France. In turn, this gave them various meanings with relation to their prospective or viewpoints as French citizens have unique culture (Morden, 1995, p. 33). Besides, this foresight gave the company ability to look forward into the future in an effort to predict and anticipate various developments before they actually take place since some members of the decision making organ were French.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implementation The Company opted to embrace the unique culture of the French who were their consumers. In doing this, the company incorporated distribution agency control by the French and customized the drinks to suit consumers. In effect, the prevailing trends determine an organization’s functions and the context within which it operates (Carbaugh, 2010). Therefore this strategy was very crucial, especially in forecast of future direction as the French market is used to customization and introduc tion of special aspects in the drink industry. As a strategy aimed at keeping customers, the process embraced cooperate social responsibility (Dijk Punch, 1993, p. 175). Internationalization Through identification of critical trends defining workplace functions, the company was in a position to break them down into significant elements. In addition, the company embraced trend identification especially in the technological, social, political, national, local, and environmental factors. From the analysis, the aspect of embracing culture by directly involving the French in the company was the most successful since this market is known to operate on ability to customize a product and add special touch that resembles the French culture. Concept of Stereotyping Trends entail those patterns that revolutionize and changes over time. In relation to personal foresight, an individual can use change patterns to visualize future changes that are likely to occur. Work in every aspect is necessar y for individuals who have a vision of the future (Sinclair, 2010). For this reason, employment is a central concern when it comes to competing perspectives. Future work has made its existence using different trends related to work. Trends may consist of counter trends and current trends in thoughts and views of a particular market or management approach (Morden, 1995, p. 33). In the process, stereotyping may arise due to perception and cultural variance. Imagination apply when management form mental images, concepts and sensations when faced with a phenomena. Nonetheless, it has its identifiable characteristics such as its effective and quick way of working and maintaining one in the current time not forgetting that one will not be sure of what the future holds (Trompennars, 1996, p.59).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Internalization of Vechtel Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two protagonists share very little in cultural approach towards management. Before handing over Jean-Pierre Courbet, Jaap Harlem examined and evaluated the actual trajectories of life changes in terms of prospective, present and retrospective satisfaction to conclude that operation risks in France may turn out to be the same as in Spain since the company was treading in risky grounds. He perceives this to shared distribution network with a rival, the unique French culture, and minimal involvement of French in the production processes. On the other hand, Pierre is an optimistic manager who believes in cultural inclusion and maximum use of local expertise in order to tailor products that are best understood by the market. In this case, his foresight spans between longevity as a factor that goes hand in hand with age of decisions and planned results. This involves considering different ages working together, that is, both the young and the older generation. His perception accompanies the challenges of simultaneous living of generations, funding fresh approach, sustained market challenges and the difference existing between views made by the old and the young generation managers (Trompennars, 1996, p.56). All these factors translated to his perception of low quality responses in case his plans don’t work out. Classification of Culture Ethical management thus, is the practice(s) set by a business organization in an attempt to incorporate a sense of honesty, integrity, and truthfulness in duty performance and embracing culture. In business management, culture encompasses the aspects of national culture, professional culture, personal culture, and corporate culture (Dijk Punch, 1993, p. 180). Thus, the need for an ethical connection between such cultures and management is important. National culture France has a unique market with unique consumers who love personalized touch in products they consume. Beer consumption is a cultural event and characterized by interaction. The two protagonists share this perception on this as they perceive the importance of identifying cultural features of a market before doing business.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jaap Harlem reflects on the localised production which embrace french language and embracing local distribution network. In order to maximise gain, Jean-Pierre Courbet steps in to cut a sustainable niche in this maekret by pushing for mergers that saw the company spring back to life. Professional culture Professional culture involves use of local talent, language, and labor in production and distribution channels. Jaap Harlem is aware of this and he speaks fluent French language and has embraced the need to employ a good number of managers from the locals. Upon take over, Jean-Pierre Courbet establishes ethics and practices and offers an alternative prescription advice through streamlining operations that fit with appropriate set standards (Morden, 1995, p. 32). There is a closely monitored channel via which employees address their concerns on corporate compliance to value ethics which is very special to the French. Reflectively, the two protagonists embraced the culture of informed decision making and extensive research in order to take responsibility for actions taken. Fortunately, this works to their advantage in both scenarios. Personal culture Personal culture encompasses shared beliefs, values and ethics in management. Reflectively, these protagonists share internalized set of beliefs in appropriate conduct alongside enforcement structures which are vocatively institutionalized to include the social issues.They pay attention to the concerns of the market and employees and offer suitable solutions to address these concerns formulated and presented for further debate. They share success of turning around a misfortune into a fortune and reversing dismal performance through application of insight leadership rather than following prescriptions from books that might not be very appropriate. As believers in inclusive management, they share the aspect of embracing diversity, affirming position, and re-energizing operations through efficient and satisfying use of labor and other factors of production (Dijk Punch, 1993, p. 171). Corporate culture Ethics and practice are entrusted by the company to offer the latest researched mechanisms of maintaining acceptable performance through inclusion of the company’s culture of market leadership. The company has had a long history in the culture of brewing beer that is tailored for each market segment. To further penetrate the market, the two protagonists are empowered to closely follow up all the work related procedures within their departments and suggest alternative review by the flexible management culture of the company. In summary, the aspect of culture as described above enabled the company to successful acquire the French firm and establish a strong leadership position as it perfected the culture of beer brewing, introduction of special touch, personal attention to target market, and use professional ethics in management (Morden, 1995, p. 34). Strategies Applied in Vechtel (Rotterdam H Q) and Brasseries Vechtel (Lyons) When decisions are made on universal appropriate management culture, the outcome will be pleasing and convenient for operation in short and long term. If these principles are internalized in the management and the workforce, they will appreciate the need to uphold the social interactions standards based on what is universally ‘right’. The bottom line of each action would be as though it were a universally accepted law governing nature (Trevino, 2010). A sense of pride will be inculcated in this group who will strive to live as per the internalized identity code of conduct. It is necessary to consider community aspect in ethical decision making. In precision, for these decisions to hold and be positively assimilated into the work environment, a series of tests should be carried out by gathering facts and incorporating them in defined issues surrounding ethics (Dijk Punch, 1993, p. 178). The Vechtel Rotterdam Head quarter company uses lo calized raw materials, labor, management team, and trade policies. Specifically, the management team consists of the local Dutch professionals who are well conversant with the local language, culture, and market behavior and government policies. In this respect, the head quarter company has assimilated the above aspects in production of their beer to suite needs of the locals. To maintain a lead in the market, the headquarter branch has an established and properly networked distribution channel running across Netherlands. Besides, the company’s labor pull consist mainly of the locals who are knowledgeable on culture and basically use same language (Trevino, 2010). Although entwined with the ‘hard stuff’, the distinct concern of the managerial component at the headquarter branch company is the organization ethics in all levels. The top management plays a vital role not only in financial management, but also moral, political, and social leadership as an act of cult ural ethics in its organization, functioning, and implementation of strategies (Dijk Punch, 1993, p. 178). On the other hand, the Brasseries Vechtel (Lyons) shares these strategies though their distribution channel is not very well established. Besides, they operate in a totally different culture and face stiffer competition. In response, this branch has embraced the strategy of merger in order to acquire the market leadership tag. Besides, it has invested in an array of beers in order to tap the highly integrated market with ease and as a survival strategy through diversification (Morden, 1995, p. 33). However, the labor force is not fully localized as in the headquarter branch. Besides, the French branch has not fully embraced the concept utilitarianism in decision making. For instance in an ethical quandary, utilitarian demands that before indulging any information on an impending lay off, one should first analyze the consequences of such demoralizing reality. When such informat ion is presented after good timing to the unknowing workforce, then the company may easily be in a position to manage the response (Dijk Punch, 1993, p. 178). Behavior of Cultural Concerns in a multicultural situation Reconciling internationalization strategies When operating leverage, fixed and variable costs of labor should be separated from each other as outsourcing tend to change balancing of this ratio through moving from fixed cost to variable coast thus making variable costs predictable in the company. In addition, in contracting an outside source as a factor of production there is needed to improve quality of duty for which such a job is required (Williams, 2007). This is possible when constituted within acceptable levels of service agreement duly aligned. In Netherlands, the operating leverage is skewed towards integrating localized labor (Trompennars, 1996, p.53). On the hand, the same has been applied in France to integrate the two companies into single unit. Common grou nd Before engaging in contractual agreements with a professional in a field of specialization, it is important to have clear understanding of knowledge and their application in hiring up of experience and healthy work culture (Morden, 1995, p. 33). Reflectively, the company has a strong policy that work at macro level to integrate the above aspect into their operation. Through merger and acquisition of the distribution channels, the branches were in a position to affirm the overall goal of leadership via market segmentation in line with consumer behavior and culture (Trompennars, 1996, p.54). Conclusion In conclusion, the internalization strategy could have been improved in the following way. Before implementation, parties affected, who in this case are the company personnel, are to be informed and their opinions consulted. Once identified, it become easy to understand views from different perspective as a gauge for various reactions thus making available an opportunity regulate and fine tune an ethical decision that fully embrace culture (Shaw, 2010). In order to be more international, constant tests then should follow in quality of service definition levels in order for Vechtel Company to determine the lowest negotiated prices for accomplishing production goal. Besides, these should be aligned with cost restructuring as the organization endeavors to access labor arbitrage. In addition, focus should be directed towards primary core business undertaking rather than temporary secondary shortages expected to end in short term (Williams, 2007). Decisions made should be dependent on available resources such as investment portfolio, infrastructure, personnel size, experience and efficiency for a specialized high skill assignment requiring specific qualifications. The first face could have been shortened through explicit market research carried out to learn and understand various models of best practices which may be too complex for an in-house team to comprehend. B esides, it is a necessity to know current relevant operational experiences before engaging in apprenticeship (Murphy, 2010). If the company had a better capacity management team, the aspects of risks and uncertainty considerations could have fallen within the company’s expectations. Through consistency and performance test mechanisms, a more desirable take over could have been within reach. Where necessary, the management should apply an independent catalyst for testing and speeding up an impending change often referred to as a change agent (MacKay McKiernan, 2004, p.170). If properly tested, it is possible to predetermine the expected results thus giving room for pre planning any adjustments that may arise. From the above analysis, the aspect of localizing labor and factors of production plays the most important role in the internalization strategy. This is because of the aspect of cultural relevance in terms of language, preference, consumption pattern, and unique policies that might be in the target market. Reference List Dijk, V Punch, M 1993, â€Å"Open borders, closed circles: management and organization in the Netherlands†, in Hickson, D (ed), Management in Western Europe, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 167-190. MacKay, B McKiernan, P 2004, â€Å"The role of hindsight in foresight: refining strategic reasoning†, Futures, vol. 36, pp. 161-179. Morden, T 1995, â€Å"Management in France†, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, vol. 3, no 3, pp. 31-38. Murphy J, 2010 Organization theory and design, Cengage Learning EMEA, Hampshire. Shaw, H 2010, Business Ethics: A Textbook with Cases, Cengage Learning, Alabama. Carbaugh, R 2010, Contemporary Economics: An Applications Approach, M.E. Sharpe, New York. Sinclair, M 2010, Fear and Self-Loathing in the City: A Guide to Keeping Sane in the Square Mile, Karnac Books, London. Trevino, K 2010 Managing Business Ethics, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Trompennars, F 1996, à ¢â‚¬Å"Resolving international conflict: culture and business strategy†, Business Strategy review, vol. 7 no 3, pp. 51-68. Williams, C 2007, Re-thinking the future of work: directions and visions, Palgrave, New York. This case study on Internalization of Vechtel Company was written and submitted by user Nataly I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.